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Americans' personal data could be collected and stored overseas - even if they've never downloaded a foreign-developed app themselves - according to a new FBI alert warning about the risks tied to popular mobile platforms.
That means information like a person's name, email address or phone number could be pulled from someone else's contact list and potentially stored abroad if a friend or family member grants an app access to their device.
The warning comes after years of scrutiny over TikTok's ties to China, but the FBI alert suggests the concerns extend beyond any single platform to a broader range of foreign-developed apps.
In a public service announcement, the FBI said many widely used apps developed overseas, particularly those tied to China, may access extensive data once permissions are granted, including address books containing information on both users and non-users.
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The bureau also warned that some apps may continue collecting data in the background after access is granted and, in certain cases, store that information on servers in countries where local laws could allow government access.
"Developer companies can store collected data on users' private information and address books, such as names, e-mail addresses, user IDs, physical addresses, and phone numbers of their stored contacts," the FBI said. "The app can persistently collect data and users' private information throughout the device, not just within the app or while the app is active."
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The FBI did not name specific companies, but the warning could apply to a range of widely used apps developed by Chinese firms - including video-editing platform CapCut, shopping apps like Temu and SHEIN, and social media platforms such as Lemon8 - several of which rank among the most downloaded apps in the United States.
U.S. officials have long warned that data collected by Chinese-linked platforms could be used to build detailed profiles of Americans, map personal and professional networks, and potentially support intelligence-gathering efforts, particularly if accessed under China's national security laws.
The FBI added that apps operating in China are subject to the country's national security laws, which could allow the government to access user data.
The FBI also pointed to possible warning signs that an app may be collecting more data than expected, including unusual battery drain, spikes in data usage, or unauthorized account activity after installation - indicators that could suggest background data collection or other suspicious behavior.
The bureau urged users to limit unnecessary data sharing, download apps only from official app stores, and regularly review permissions granted to mobile platforms. The bureau also warned that apps obtained from third-party sites may carry malware designed to gain unauthorized access to personal data.
Years of scrutiny over TikTok culminated in a 2026 deal that forced its Chinese parent company to relinquish control of U.S. operations to an American-led group in order to address fears over data access and national security.
The FBI's latest warning suggests those risks may extend beyond a single platform to a broader range of foreign-developed apps used by millions of Americans.
The Chinese embassy could not immediately be reached for comment.
